'
' Rotate a long to the right
'
Function LongLeftRotate(value As Long, bits As Long) As Long
    Dim lngSign As Long
    Dim lngI As Long
    bits = bits Mod 32
    If bits = 0 Then LongLeftRotate = value: Exit Function
    For lngI = 1 To bits
        lngSign = value And &HC0000000
        value = (value And &H3FFFFFFF) * 2
        value = value Or ((lngSign < 0) And 1) Or (CBool(lngSign And _
                &H40000000) And &H80000000)
    Next
    LongLeftRotate = value
End Function

'
' Function to add two unsigned numbers together as in C.
' Overflows are ignored!
'
Private Function LongOverflowAdd(Val1 As Long, Val2 As Long) As Long
    Dim lngHighWord As Long
    Dim lngLowWord As Long
    Dim lngOverflow As Long

    lngLowWord = (Val1 And &HFFFF&) + (Val2 And &HFFFF&)
    lngOverflow = lngLowWord \ 65536
    lngHighWord = (((Val1 And &HFFFF0000) \ 65536) + ((Val2 And &HFFFF0000) \ 65536) + lngOverflow) And &HFFFF&
    LongOverflowAdd = UnsignedToLong((lngHighWord * 65536#) + (lngLowWord And &HFFFF&))
End Function

'
' Function to add two unsigned numbers together as in C.
' Overflows are ignored!
'
Private Function LongOverflowAdd4(Val1 As Long, Val2 As Long, val3 As Long, val4 As Long) As Long
    Dim lngHighWord As Long
    Dim lngLowWord As Long
    Dim lngOverflow As Long

    lngLowWord = (Val1 And &HFFFF&) + (Val2 And &HFFFF&) + (val3 And &HFFFF&) + (val4 And &HFFFF&)
    lngOverflow = lngLowWord \ 65536
    lngHighWord = (((Val1 And &HFFFF0000) \ 65536) + _
                   ((Val2 And &HFFFF0000) \ 65536) + _
                   ((val3 And &HFFFF0000) \ 65536) + _
                   ((val4 And &HFFFF0000) \ 65536) + _
                   lngOverflow) And &HFFFF&
    LongOverflowAdd4 = UnsignedToLong((lngHighWord * 65536#) + (lngLowWord And &HFFFF&))
End Function

'
' Convert an unsigned double into a long
'
Private Function UnsignedToLong(value As Double) As Long
        If value < 0 Or value >= OFFSET_4 Then Error 6 ' Overflow
        If value <= MAXINT_4 Then
          UnsignedToLong = value
        Else
          UnsignedToLong = value - OFFSET_4
        End If
      End Function

'
' Convert a long to an unsigned Double
'
Private Function LongToUnsigned(value As Long) As Double
        If value < 0 Then
          LongToUnsigned = value + OFFSET_4
        Else
          LongToUnsigned = value
        End If
End Function